77 Politechnicheskaya street, Saratov, Russia, 410054

Personalities

Dolinina Olga Nikolaevna

Dolinina Olga Nikolaevna

Doctor of Science , Professor
Vice-rector in Digital Transformation, professor of the Chair “Applied Information Technologies”
Contact information

About

Member of the IEEE, Member of the Organizing Committee of the International Association for Engineering Education and Research iNEER (International Network for Engineering Education & Research), certified teacher in Microsoft technologies, IT- trainer Aptech.

Has professional experience in preparing and coordinating of international projects. Coordinator of Tempus, ERASMUS, HP joint projects. Coordinator of the development and implementation of the double-degree (with EU universities) Master programs in Mechatronics, in Digital Design, in Smart City Technologies & Internet of Things.

She took internships in information technology, project management in the USA, Great Britain, Sweden, Italy, France, Belgium, Bulgaria. Author of the methodology for training entrepreneurs in the field of ICT business.

Developer of ICT qualifications for the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan (2013-2018).

Invited international professor of the Kazakh National University named after al-Farabi.

Vice-Chairman of the International conferences in Computer Technologies: ICIT-2014-2020, member of the Program Com. Of the conferences AIES-2022, ACIIDS-2022, ICCCI-2021.

Editor of the Springer Books (series: Studies in Systems, Decision and Control - Recent Research in Control Engineering and Decision Making, 2019, 2021).

Fluent in English

Scientific interests

  • Models & methods of artificial intelligence
  • methods of the knowledge engineering
  • decision-making methods in knowledge-based systems
  • software testing and verification
  • methods for improving the quality of intelligent decision-making systems
  • methods of Data Mining
  • development of the expert systems (hybrid knowledge models)

Author of the expert systems: KORDEX (for the prognosis of the myocardial infarction), prognosis compliance of ophthalmic patients, detecting of the faults of the gas turbines, author of the data recognition method in the expert system for detection of the glaucoma, author of the knowledge-base model in the expert system for the evaluation of the quality of the bridge constructions.

Author of the method of debugging of the knowledge-based decision making system, author of the quality assurance method of the intelligent systems.

Author of the test generation method for the detection of the errors “forget about exception” in the knowledge bases

Science citation index

ORCID: 0000-0001-5256-3161 

SCOPUS: 56786543000 


Honors and Awards

  • Honorary Worker of Higher Professional Education of the Russian Federation

  • Diploma of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

  • Laureate of the Russian Academic Award “Height” (2019).

  • The Best Director of the Aptech IT-training Center (2014).

  • iNEER Award (2008).

Main Publications

  1. Fedukin A., Dolinina O., Brovko A . Experience of using laboratory equipment of internet of things in the educational process of master's degree training at the yuri gagarin state technical university of saratov. / Higher Education in Smart City Technologies: European, Kazakh, Mongolian, Russian Universities Approach. 2021. p. 137-159.
  2. Dolinina O., Pechenkin V., Mansurova M., Tolek D., Ixsanov S. Algorithmic approach to building a route for the removal of household waste with associated additional loads in the “smart clean city” project /Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2021. Т. 12876 LNAI. С. 745-755
  3. Dolinina O.N., Kushnikov V.A. Methods & Technologies of the Quality assurance of the Artificial Intelligence Decision Making Systems / Software Engineering. 2021. Т. 12. № 4. С. 189-199.(in Russian).
  4. Zhmud V.A., Frantsuzova G.A., Dimitrov L.m Dolinina O.N., Hardt W. Tudedagva U. International double-degree program implementation in the field of “Smart City” in a pandemic time /Automatics & Software Engineering. 2021. № 2 (36). p. 88-95. (in Russian).
  5. Zhmud V.A., Frantsuzova G.A., Dimitrov L.m Dolinina O.N., Hardt W. Tudedagva U., Nocek Y. Double-degree Master Program with EU universities of Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Latvia, Bulgaria Automatics & Software Engineering. 2021. № 3 (37). p. 61-75. (in Russian).
  6. A. A. Dnekeshev, V. A. Kushnikov, O. N. Dolinina, A. F. Rezchikov, V. A. IvashchenkoA. S. Bogomolov, L. Yu. Filimonyuk Models and Algorithms for Improving the Safety of Oil Refineries of the Republic of Kazakhstan In: Silhavy R. (eds) Applied Informatics and Cybernetics in Intelligent Systems. CSOC 2020. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1226. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51974-2_21.
  7. Olga Dolinina ; Vitaly Pechenkin ; Nikolay Gubin ; Janis Aizups ; Alexey Kuzmin. Development of semi-adaptive Waste Collection Vehicle Routing Algorithm for agglomeration and urban settlements / 2019 IEEE 7th IEEE Workshop on Advances in Information, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (AIEEE). 15-16 Nov,2019, Liepaja, Latvia, DOI: 10.1109/AIEEE48629.2019.8976918

  8. M. F. Stepanov, A. K. Kuzmin and O. N. Dolinina, "Hardware and Software System of an Android Assistant for Teachers Student emotion recognition subsystem," 2019 International Multi-Conference on Industrial Engineering and Modern Technologies (FarEastCon), Vladivostok, Russia, 2019, pp. 1-4.

  9. Samartsev A., Rezchikov A., Kushnikov, Ivaschenko V., Filimonyuk L., Fominykh D.,  Dolinina O. Software Package for Modeling the Process of Fire Spread and People Evacuation in Premises / A. Samartsev, A. Rezchikov, V. Kushnikov, V. Ivaschenko, L. Filimonyuk, D. Fominykh, O. Dolinina // Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, v.199, Recent Research in Control Engineering and Decision Making, Springer, 2019,  P.26-37.

  10. Dolinina O., Kushnikov V. Using System Dynamics for the Software Quality Management of the Decision Making Software Systems Development / O. Dolinina, V.Kushnikov // Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, v.199, Recent Research in Control Engineering and Decision Making, Springer, 2019,  P. 289-298.

  11. Dolinina O., Pechenkin V., Gubin N. Combined Intellectual and Petri Net with Priorities Approach to the Waste Disposal in the Smart City / O. Dolinina O., V, Pechenkin V., N. Gubin // Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, v.199, Recent Research in Control Engineering and Decision Making, Springer, 2019, P.. 755-769

  12. Voloshinov A, Dolinina O. Computer Analysis of the Equilibrium in Painting / A. Voloshinov,  O. Dolinina // Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, v.199, Recent Research in Control Engineering and Decision Making, Springer, 2019, P. . 268-289

  13. O. Dolinina, V. Pechenkin, N. Gubin and V. Kushnikov. 2018. A Petri Net Model for the Waste Disposal Process System in the “Smart Clean City” Project. In 3rd International Conference on Smart City Applications Proceedings, Tetouan, Morocco, October 2018 (SCA '18), 6 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3286606.3286786

  14. The Way of Quality Management of the Decision Making Software Systems Development O. N. Dolinina, V. A. Kushnikov, V. V. Pechenkin, and A. F. Rezchikov / Software Engineering &  Algorithms in Intelligent Systems //Advances in Intelligent Systems & Computing /Proc. 7th  Computer Science On-line Conf. 2018, vol.1 , Springer, 2018. p.90-99.

  15. A A Samartsev, A F Rezchikov, V A Kushnikov, V A Ivashchenko, A S Bogomolov, L Yu Filimonyuk, O N Dolinina, O V Kushnikov, T E Shulga, V A Tverdokhlebov Fire and Heat Spreading Model Based on Cellular Automata Theory . 2018 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1015 032120 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-596/1015/3/032120 / http://iopscience.iop.org

  16. Prediction of main factors' values of air transportation system safety based on system dynamics A Yu Spiridonov, A F Rezchikov, V A Kushnikov, V A Ivashchenko, A S Bogomolov, L Yu Filimonyuk, O N Dolinina, E V Kushnikova, T E Shulga, V A Tverdokhlebov . 2018 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1015 032140  https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1015/3/032140 / http://iopscience.iop.org

  17. Mathematical model for prediction of efficiency indicators of educational activity in high school O M Tikhonova, V A Kushnikov, D S Fominykh, A F Rezchikov, V A Ivashchenko, A S Bogomolov, L Yu Filimonyuk, O N Dolinina, O V Kushnikov, T E Shulga . 2018 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1015 032143  https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1015/3/032143 / http://iopscience.iop.org

  18. Problem of quality assurance during metal constructions welding via robotic technological complexes D S Fominykh, A F Rezchikov, V A Kushnikov, V A Ivashchenko, A S Bogomolov, L Yu Filimonyuk, O N Dolinina, O V Kushnikov, T E Shulga and V A Tverdokhlebov /2018 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1015 032169 / https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-

  19. Determination of adverse events combinations in functioning of hydroelectric power plants V A Kushnikov, D S Fominykh, A F Rezchikov, V A Ivashchenko, A S Bogomolov, L Yu Filimonyuk, O N Dolinina, E V Kushnikova, T E Shulga, V A Tverdokhlebov / 2018 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1015 032078 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1015/3/032078 / http://iopscience.iop.org

  20. Forecasting characteristics of flood effects M V Khamutova, A F Rezchikov, V A Kushnikov, V A Ivaschenko, A S Bogomolov, L Yu Filimonyuk, O N Dolinina, E V Kushnikova, T E Shulga, V A Tverdokhlebov /2018 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1015 052012 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1015/5/052012 / http://iopscience.iop.org

  21. Forecasting characteristics of flood effects M V Khamutova, A F Rezchikov, V A Kushnikov, V A Ivaschenko, A S Bogomolov, L Yu Filimonyuk, O N Dolinina, E V Kushnikova, T E Shulga, V A Tverdokhlebov / 2018 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1015 052012/  https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1015/5/052012 / http://iopscience.iop.org

  22. DolininaO., Suchkova N. Formal Models of the Structural Errors in the Knowledge Bases of Intellectual Decision Making Systems  / Artificial Intelligence Trends in Intelligent Systems // Proceedings of the 6th Computer Science On-line C

  23. ISBN 978-3-319-57260-4 ISBN 978-3-319-57261-1 (eBook) ISSN 2194-5357 ISSN 2194-5365 (electronic), DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-57261-1

  24. Alexander Rezchikov, Vadim Kushnikov, Vladimir Ivaschenko, Aleksey Bogomolov, Leonid Filimonyuk, Olga Dolinina, Ekaterina Kulakova, and Konstantin KachurThe Approach to Provide and Support the Aviation Transportation . System Safety Based on Automation Models Software Engineering Trends and Techniques in Intelligent Systems // Proceedings of the 6th Computer Science On-line Conference 2017 (CSOC2017), Vol 3, Springer, P.244-255.
  25. Dolinina O., Shvarts A. Ways of Increasing of the Effectiveness of the Making Decisions by Intelligent Systems Using Fuzzy Inference / O. Dolinina, A. Shvarts // Artificial Intelligence Perspectives & Applications / Proc. Of the 4th Computer Science On-line Conf. 2015 (CSOC 2015), Vol.1  Artificial Intelligence Perspectives & Applications. Springer, 2015. P.23-29.
  26. Dolinina O., Ermakov A., Shvarts A. Method of the Visual Information Processing based on Grid-Calculations / O. Dolinina, A. Ermakov, A. Shvarts / Springer, Computer Networks /Proc. Of the 22d Int. Conf., CN 2015, Brunow, Poland, June 16-19, 2015,  p.213-222.
  27. Dolinina O., Kushnikov V., Kulakova E. Analysis of Objective Trees in Security Management of Distributed Computer Networks of Enterprises and Organizations / Springer, Computer Networks /Proc. Of the 22d Int. Conf., CN 2015, Brunow, Poland, June 16-19, 2015, p.117-127.
  28. Olga Dolinina, Aleksandr Shvarts Algorithms for Increasing of the Effectiveness of the Making Decisions by Intelligent Fuzzy Systems / Proc. The 5th International Workshop on Computer Science and Engineering (WCSE 2015)/ April 15-17, 2015, Moscow, Russia P.130-136
  29.  P. Martynov, А. L’vov, O. Dolinina, M. Svеtlоv Evaluation of Effectiveness of the Coding and Decoding Algorithms in Information Channels Realized on Base of Code Signal Feature / Proc.  Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE North West Russia Section Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering Conference (2016 ElConRusNW), February 2-3 2016, St.Petersburg, Russia, LETI, p.472-475.  ISBN 978-1-5090-0445-4
  30. Y. Ulyanina, А. L’vov, O. Dolinina Synthesis of Models of Information Channels with Memory / Proc.  Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE North West Russia Section Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering Conference (2016 ElConRusNW), February 2-3 2016, St.Petersburg, Russia, LETI, p.393-397.  ISBN 978-1-5090-0445-4
  31. Dolinina O. ENHANCEMENT OF PROFESSIONAL IT EDUCATION IN RUSSIAN AND KAZAKHSTAN / Proc. ICERI2015 - 8th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation, Ed. by L. Gómez Chova, A. López Martínez, I. Candel Torres IATED Academy November 16th-18th, 2015 — Seville, Spain, p.5711-5714.
  32. Dolinina O., Lobacheva G.V. THE COMPONENTS OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN UNIVERSITY / Proc. ICERI2015 - 8th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation, Ed. by L. Gómez Chova, A. López Martínez, I. Candel Torres IATED Academy November 16th-18th, 2015 — Seville, Spain, p.6961-6967.
  33. Dolinina O. Method of the Debugging of the Knowledge Bases of Intellectual Decision Making Systems / O.Dolinina / Automation Control Theory Perspectives in Intelligent Systems / Proc. Of the 5th Computer Science
  34. De Bruyn, W.; Dolinina  O. Improvement of the know-how, skills and attitudes of ICT professionals in Russia and Kazakhstan by enhancing the ICT-education and aligning with ICT-companies, associations and government, Barcelona, Spain Jul 07-09, 2014 EDULEARN14: 6th international conference on education and new learning technologies, Barcelona // EDULEARN Proceedings   p.: 2431-2431 
  35. Approach to the garbage collection in the “Smart Clean City” project Andrei BorozdukhinOlga DolininaVitaly Pechenkin / 2016 4th IEEE International Colloquium on Information Science and Technology (CiSt), 2016 / Marocco Pages: 918 -922, DOI: 10.1109/CIST.2016.7805019
  36. O. Dolinina An Approach to Enhance Professional Education in the Field of Information Technolohies by Using of ICT-qualifications Framework // Proc. UNESCO International Workshop QED’16: Technology Advanced Quality Learning for ALL/ ED. BY Eugenia Kovatcheva and Natalia Palikova (SULSIT), June 13-15, 2016, Sofia, p.25-32, ISBN 978-619-185-261-1 -
  37.  А.А. L’vov¹, D.V. Klenov¹, A.A. Sytnik¹, O.N. Dolinina¹, M.S. Svеtlоv² ¹INCREASING OF INFORMATION RELIABILITY OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION CHANNELS UNDER CONDITIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY NOISE // X International IEEE Scientific and Technical Conference "Dynamics of Systems, Mechanisms and Machines" (Dynamics) International scientific and technical conference Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia 15–17 November, 2016, p.
  38. Dolinina Olga N., L’vov Alexey A., Klenov Dmitry V Algorithms of Coding and Decoding for Code with Code Signal Feature Svetlov Michael S.// Proc. of the 2017 IEEE Russia Section Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering Conference (2017 ElConRus). 978-1-5090-4865-6/17
  39. А.А. L’vov, D.V. Klenov, A.A. Sytnik, O.N. Dolinina, M.S. Svеtlоv. INCREASING OF INFORMATION RELIABILITY OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION CHANNELS UNDER CONDITIONS OF HIGH INTENSITY NOISE // X International IEEE Scientific and Technical Conference "Dynamics of Systems, Mechanisms and Machines" (Dynamics) International scientific and technical conference Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia 15–17 November, 2016, p.
  40. Dolinina Olga N., L’vov Alexey A., Klenov Dmitry V Algorithms of Coding and Decoding for Code with Code Signal Feature Svetlov Michael S.// Proc. of the 2017 IEEE Russia Section Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering Conference (2017 ElConRus). 978-1-5090-4865-6/17.
  41. Borozdukhin A., Dolinina O., Pechenkin V. Method of Dynamic Rout Calculation in the “Smart City” Project / A. Borozdukhin, O. Dolinina, V. Pechenkin / Computer Technology and Application / Vol.7, Number 4, April 2016 (ser. Number 45), p.209-215.
  42. Dolinina O.N. Method of Debugging for the Rule-based expert systems / Българско списание за инженерно проектиране /Машиностроителен факултет, Технически университет-София.№20, октомври 2013.  С.43-51. ISSN 1313-7530 (in Russian).
  43. Alexander Rezchikov, Olga Dolinina, Vadim Kushnikov, Vladimir Ivaschenko, Konstantin Kachur, Aleksey Bogomolov, Leonid Filimonyuk. An approach to the development of the control system of the aviation transport safety taking into account the human factor / international journal of engineering sciences & research technology / 6(2), February 2017, p.279-284.
  44. O. Dolinina An Approach to Enhance Professional Education in the Field of Information Technologies by Using of ICT-qualifications Framework // Proc.UNESCO International Workshop QED’16: Technology Advanced Quality Learning for ALL/ ED. by Eugenia Kovatcheva and Natalia Palikova (SULSIT), June 13-15, 2016, Sofia, p.25-32 .
  45. Shvarts A.Y., Ovchinnikov I.I., Ovchinnikov I.G., Dolininina O.N., Nigamatova O.I. About the development of the intelligent systems for designing and assessing the technical condition of bridge structures. Part 2 // Transport Constructions», 2018 №1, https://t-s.today/PDF/12SATS118.pdf (Free Access(in Russian). DOI: 10.15862/12SATS118 
  46. Dolinina O.N.., E.V. l’vova. , A.A. Seranova Comparative analysis of two-channel algorithms for estimating the parameters of sinusoidal signals in power quality control systems News of Tula State Univ. Technical Science. – 2018. – N. 5. – p. 46-59. (in Russian).
  47. Dolinina O.N, Rezchikov A.F. Management of the process of creating software for decision-making systems according to the criterion of quality / Control systems and information technologies, №3(69), 2017. – p. 78-82. (in Russian).
  48. Pakhtusov S.V., Evdakimov I.I., Avramov M.V., Antropov P.G., Gubin N.M., Dolinina O.N Expert system for diagnostics of faults of gas pumping units at compressor stations / Intelligent systems in production. 2017. Т. 15. № 1. p. 20-25. (in Russian).
  49. Dolinina O.N, Rezchikov A.F., Suchkova N.K. Formal Models of Structural Errors in Knowledge Bases of Intelligent Systems // Modern high technologies. – 2017. – № 3; URL: http://www.top-technologies.ru/ru/article/view?id=36607. (in Russian).
  50. Dolinina O.N, Karimov R.N. Methods for processing multidimensional data of objects of numeric and non-numerical nature Bulletin SSTU, №2(12), 2006, p.100-110. (in Russian).
  51. Dolinina O.N, Antropov P.G., Kuzmin A.K, Shvartz A.Yu. USE OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS FOR DIAGNOSTICS OF FAULTS OF GAS PUMPING UNITS /Modern problems of science and education. – 2013. – № 6; URL: http://www.science-education.ru/113-11252 . (in Russian).
  52. Dolinina O.N, Kuzmin A.K Application of technical diagnostic methods for debugging knowledge bases of neural network expert systems /Information Technologies, №2(150), 2009 p. 34-38. (in Russian).
  53. Dolinina O.N, Kuzmin A.K Features of creating expert systems based on neural network representation of knowledge / Bulletin of Saratov State Technical University№2(33) 2009, p. 266-272.
  54. Dolinina O.N, Kuzmin A.K Test generation method for debugging neural network expert systems / Bulletin of Tambov State Technical University, 2010. -p. 34-45. (in Russian).
  55. Dolinina O.N, Kuzmin A.K Debugging an artificial neural network based on a three-layer perceptron, using the example of an expert system for ophthalmology / Bulletin of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Management, Computer Engineering and Informatics, 2011–p. 80-90. (in Russian).
  56. Dolinina O.N ,Kuzmin A.K. Debugging a neural network expert system for ophthalmology / Bulletin of Saratov State Technical University№4(62) N 4, 2011, -p. 248-253. (in Russian).
  57. Dolinina O.N. About method of comparative estimation of parameters for the development of expert systems / Innovation activities. 2011. № 3 (16). p.115-119. (in Russian).
  58. Dolinina O.N. Test generation method for debugging knowledge bases of expert systems / Software Engineering, №5, 2011. –p.40-48. (in Russian).
  59. Dolinina O.N About the method of creating expert systems / Technical-Research Bulletin of the Volga Region, №4, 2011, - Kazan, 2011. p.152-156. (in Russian).
  60. Dolinina O.N Methods for debugging knowledge bases of artificial intelligence systems / O.N. Dolinina Control systems and information technologies №2(44), 2011. – p. 75-81.
  61. Dolinina O.N, Pechenkin V.V., Tarasova V.V., Shatskikh P.P. Modified gravity "force-directed" method of dynamic laying of the social network of educational organization / Bulletin of SSTU.– 2010. №4 (50), vol.2. – p.156-160. (in Russian).
  62. Dolinina O.N, А.V. Ermakov Method for Improving the Efficiency of Video Information Processing Using GRID Computing /Bulletin of SSTU. СГТУ. – 2010. №4 (50), vol.2. – p.131-133. (in Russian).
  63. Dolinina O.N, Classification of errors in knowledge bases of expert systems / O.N. Dolinina // Bulletin of SSTU. СГТУ. – 2010. №4 (50), vol.2. – p.125-130. (in Russian).
  64. Dolinina O.N, Pechenkin V.V., Тарасова В.В. Using Graph Models to Visualize Social Networks of an Educational Organization / Bulletin of SSTU, №4(43), 2009, p.210-214. (in Russian).
  65. Dolinina O.N, Ougrabko A.V. Increasing the efficiency of video information processing using GRID computing / Bulletin of SSTU, №4(42), 2009, p.101-106. (in Russian).
  66. Bolshakov A.A.., Dolinina O.N, Shatokhin V.V. Management of the educational process based on automated combined learning systems / Bulletin of SSTU, №2(35), 2008, p.54-62.  (in Russian).
  67. Dolinina O.N, Antropov P.G., Kuzmin A.K, Shvartz A.Yu. Method for diagnosing of faults of gas-pumping gas-pumping units using hybrid intelligent systems / Bulletin of Samara State Air Space University, № S5-1, 2014, с. 75-84. (in Russian).
  68. Dolinina O.N, Shvartz A.Yu. Some Aspects of Improving the Efficiency of Decision Making by Intelligent Systems Using Fuzzy Inference /Fundamental Research / №12, 2014, part. 4, p.691-695. (in Russian).
  69. Dolinina O.N, Shvartz A.Yu. Rule grouping method in intelligent systems using fuzzy inference / Scientific review, №2, 2015, p.109-118. (in Russian).
  70. Uts S.R.., Eremina M.G., Dolinina O.N Innovative technologies for teaching the management of atopic dermatitis / Saratov scientific and medical journal "Dermatovenereology" /№3, vol.12., 2016, p. 495-498. (in Russian).
  71. Dolinina O., Shvarts A. Algorithms for Increasing of the Making Decisions by Intelligent Fuzzy Systems /O. Dolinina, A. Shvarts / Journal of Electrical Engineering,  Vol.3, N.1, Jan.-Mar.2015 (ser. Num.7), p.30-36.